Emissions

When a car is driven, the byproducts of the motor are released into the air as emissions. The term "emissions" generally includes any manner of material including gases, particles and other carcinogens, or cancer-causing agents. While there is a great debate raging on about the effects of emissions on global climate changes, it is known with certainty that emissions can affect the health of individuals as well as contribute to unnatural phenomenon such as acid rain and ozone.

Emissions from Vehicles

The emissions produced from a vehicle are tied directly to the type of fuel used in that vehicle and how well it is utilized. Green technologies have produced fuels such as ethanol and compressed natural gas that are far cleaner than petroleum derivatives such as petrol and diesel fuel, but technology is working in all manners of cars, especially petrol and diesel cars, to reduce emissions. New cars must meet EU emission standards to be sold to consumers which gives an additional means of motivation to manufacturers.

Emissions and Pollutants

Pollutants produced from petrol, diesel and alternative fuels contain gases and fine particles. Usually all emissions are invisible, although the particles can be seen in certain conditions.

Carbon Monoxide (CO) - Carbon Monoxide reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen. At extreme levels, CO can be fatal, but even small amounts can cause health concerns. This is especially true for those suffering from heart disease.

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) - Oxides of nitrogen react to form Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) when they are released into the environment. NO2 causes respiratory problems, allergic responses and lung problems in people. It is also responsible for ozone formation, smog and acid rain as well.

Fine Particles - The particles produced in emissions float in the air and can create problems for those with respiratory problems. The particles have been linked to hospitalizations for those suffering from respiratory illnesses.

Hydrocarbons (HC) - Hydrocarbons can be carcinogenic and contribute to ozone formation and problems with respiratory systems.

Reducing Emissions

One of the largest goals for alternative cars is to reduce the emissions released from vehicles. By opting for vehicles with greater fuel efficiency, fewer emissions are produced using standard fuels such as petrol and diesel. Alternative fuels are all more efficient when burned or used to power vehicles producing far fewer emissions overall. Increasingly difficult standards in the UK are making vehicles much more efficient over time as well.